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Comparison of the Efficacy and Safety of Cardioneuroablation to Permanent Pacing in Patients With an Implanted Pacemaker for Symptomatic Bradycardia.
Sponsor: 4th Military Clinical Hospital with Polyclinic, Poland
Summary
Background Sinus node dysfunction (SND) and atrioventricular block (AVB) are significant diagnostic and therapeutic problems. The primary method of their treatment is cardiac pacemaker implantation (PM). Although PM remains the main therapeutic approach for most patients with SND/AVB, long-term PM therapy can be associated with various limitations, complications, and the need for device and electrode replacement. There is increasing evidence for the effectiveness of an alternative approach to functional bradycardia associated with excessive vagal activation - cardioneuroablation (CNA). The method leads to the alleviation or complete resolution of bradycardia symptoms, as well as reflex syncope, providing an opportunity to discontinue PM therapy. Primary aims 1.Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of CNA as a therapy allowing for discontinuation of PM therapy in patients with SND or AVB. Secondary aims 1. Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of CNA as a therapy allowing for the optimization of PM therapy in patients with SND and AVB. 2. Development of a diagnostic algorithm allowing for the identification of patients with SND and/or AVB suitable for CNA and discontinuation of PM and TLE therapy. 3. In addition, blood samples will be collected for future analysis and biobanking. Methodology Inclusion criteria 1. Patients up to 50 years old who underwent pacemaker implantation due to sinus node and/or atrioventricular node dysfunction 2. Positive response to atropine test 3. Age between 18-65 years 4. Signed informed consent to participate in the study Exclusion criteria 1. Own heart rate \<30/min 2. Fainting after pacemaker therapy initiation 3. Persistent and sustained atrial fibrillation 4. History of myocarditis 5. History of myocardial infarction 6. History of cardiac surgery 7. History of ablation procedures 8. Congenital heart defects 9. Congenital atrioventricular block 10. Neuromuscular and neurodegenerative diseases 11. Indications for expanding the pacemaker system to ICD/CRT-D 12. Pregnancy 13. Renal insufficiency with GFR \<30 ml/min/1.73m2 14. Age below 18 and above 65 years 15. HAS-BLED score \>/= 3 points Randomization, study scheme Qualified patients will be randomly assigned (1:1:1) to group 1 undergoing first-stage invasive electrophysiology study (EPS), extracardiac vagus nerve stimulation (ECVS) and CNA with continued PM therapy and implantable loop recorder (ILR) implantation, to group 2 undergoing first-stage EPS and ECVS with continued PM therapy, ILR implantation, and no CNA, and to group 3 where patients will undergo observation only for the entire study. The follow-up time will be 18 months. Groups 1 and 2 will be blinded. Two months after the first invasive procedure, the secondary endpoint-stimulation rate in all groups will be assessed. In addition, a non-invasive evaluation of the efficacy of CNA and the incidence of syncope (MAS) and collapse (paraMAS) will take place in group 1, as well as an evaluation of the pacing percentage. After another month during the second hospitalization, the following will be performed: EPS and ECVS, and repeat CNA if ECVS does not show full parasympathetic cardiac denervation. In group 2, after 2 months, non-invasive tests will also be performed to assess and presence of MAS, paraMAS symptoms, and to assess pacing rates. After another month, during the second hospitalization, the following will be performed: EPS, ECVS and CNA. Group 1 and 2 patients will have their pacemaker set to VVI/AAI 30/min. Group 3 patients will then be evaluated for pacing rates and MAS, paraMAS symptoms. At the third visit, one month after the second invasive procedure in group 1 and 2 patients, the pacing percentage will be assessed. Patients with zero pacing percentage PM will be put on ODO/OVO/OAO-pacing off mode. Patients with a pacing percentage greater than zero PM will be set to their optimal mode. A pacing percentage of \<0.1% will be treated as 0%, which will be confirmed in the ILR control. For the next 12 months, patients will be observed. During this period, at the next 4 visits repeated every 3 months, groups 1 and 2 will undergo a non-invasive assessment of CNA efficacy and bradycardia symptoms, while group 3 will be evaluated for MAS, paraMAS and pacing percentage assessment. At the 7th visit, the qualification of patients in groups 1 and 2 for discontinuation of continued pacing treatment will take place, with possible qualification for TLE. Justification Early and late results of a new strategy which is CNA, indicate the possibility of developing an new approach that allows patients with functional bradycardia to decide whether to discontinue or optimize PM therapy. However, standardized approaches based on noninvasive and invasive techniques have not yet been validated and evaluated in a prospective, multicenter, randomized, controlled trial with long-term remote follow-up, including ILR.
Official title: A Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Research Study comparinG the Efficacy and Safety of cardioneuroablaTion vs Permanent Pacing in Patients With an implantabLE PACEmaker for Symptomatic Bradycardia.
Key Details
Gender
All
Age Range
18 Years - 65 Years
Study Type
INTERVENTIONAL
Enrollment
99
Start Date
2024-08-01
Completion Date
2029-07-31
Last Updated
2024-01-03
Healthy Volunteers
No
Conditions
Interventions
Invasive electrophysiological study
Invasive electrophysiological study consists in inserting two electrodes into the heart through femoral vein puncture into the right atrium and right ventricle. Then the following measurements are taken: SNRT- sinus rhythm recovery time, cSNRT- corrected sinus rhythm recovery time, Wenckebach point, AH and HV time and HRV-rhythm variability after SNRT measurement. The examination will be performed under general anesthesia.
Extracardiac vagal stimulation
Extracardiac vagal stimulation consists in leading the electrode through the puncture of the femoral vein, successively to both internal jugular veins and stimulating the vagus nerve at the level of its cranial orifice and lower at the level of the angle of the mandible. Stimulation is performed using the Extra-Cardiac Autonomic NeuroStimulatorPachon. Induction of a sinus pause or AV block during vagal stimulation is considered a positive test result. Absence of sinus pause and AV block during vagal stimulation indicates parasympathetic denervation of the heart. The examination is performed under general anesthesia.
Cardioneuroablation
CNA consists in complete parasympathetic denervation of the heart or in its deep neuromodulation by destroying the postganglionic nerve fibers of the vagus nerve, located in the epicardium in the vicinity of the pulmonary veins to the left atrium and in the area of the interatrial septum. It consists in inserting the electrode into the left atrium through puncture of the femoral vein, and then the interatrial septum, and performing ablation in the vicinity of the pulmonary vein orifices and on the interatrial septum at the level of the mitral annulus. Then the electrode is withdrawn into the right atrium and subsequent applications are made in the area of the coronary sinus opening and the roof of the right atrium and the upper part of the interatrial septum. The procedure is performed under general anesthesia. In group 1, CNA will be performed 1 month after randomization. In group 2, CNA will be performed 4 months after randomization.
Redo cardioneuroablation
It consists in re-performing the CNA if full parasympathetic parasympathetic denervation of the heart is not confirmed by ECVS.
Implantation of the implantable loop recorder
Implantation of the implantable loop recorder consists in subcutaneous implantation of the ECG loop recorder in the sternum area.
Pacemaker check
It consists in evaluating the reliability of the PM system. And the assessment of pacing percentage and recorded arrhythmias. After successful cardioneuroablation in groups 1 and 2, 4 months after randomization, the PM will be programmed to the VVI 30/min mode and after 6 months to the OAO/OVO mode. In group 3 patients and in the case of unsuccessful cardioneuroablation, the pacemaker will be set to the optimal mode for the patient. During the PM control, a non-invasive electrophysiological study (NIEPS) is also performed, in which the SNRT, cSNRT, Wenckebach point and HRV after SNRT measurement are assessed. The procedure will be repeated at subsequent visits 1, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 months after randomization.
Implantable loop recorder check
Assessment of arrhythmias recorded in the ILR. The procedure will be repeated at subsequent visits 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 months after randomization.
Holter ECG
24 hour ECG recording. The procedure will be repeated at subsequent visits 1, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 months after randomization.
Anamnesis
Medical history assessing symptoms of bradycardia, MAS, paraMAS and complications of performed procedures. The procedure will be repeated at subsequent visits 1, 3, 4, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18 months after randomization.
Locations (2)
Mazowiecki Specialist Hospital
Radom, Masovian Voivodeship, Poland
Medical University of Silesia
Katowice, Silesian Voivodeship, Poland