Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Adults over the age of 18 years old * Amputation of the upper or lower limb, including amputation of multiple limbs * English Speaking * Chronic phantom limb pain (at least 6-months duration) * Average phantom limb pain intensity of 4 or greater on a 0-10 numerical rating scale * Average frequency of phantom limb pain episode of at least twice per month. * Residual limb pain of less than 5 on the Numerical Pain Rating Scale * Pain medication use stable for \> 1 month Exclusion Criteria * Unable to tolerate use of liner or cuff on their residual limb * Skin irritation/wounds on residual limb that would prevent use of the electrode cuff * Significant cognitive deficits or visual impairment that would preclude them from giving informed consent or following instructions during the experiments, or the ability to obtain relevant user feedback. * Non-English speaking