Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: Control Cohort * Ages 18-64 * Able to stand for at least 25 minutes * Able to speak, read, and understand English Low Back Pain Cohort * Age 18-64 * Able to stand for at least 15 minutes * Able to speak, read, and understand English * Within the last 3 months, an episode of low back pain lasting longer than 7 days and/or seeing a health care provider for low back pain and/or on duty/work restriction due to low back pain. Neck Pain Cohort * Ages 18-64 * Able to stand for at least 15 minutes * Able to speak, read, and understand English * Within the last 3 months, an episode of neck pain lasting longer than 7 days and/or seeing a health care provider for neck pain and/or on duty/work restriction due to neck pain. Operational Air crew Cohort * Ages 18-55 * Able to stand for at least 25 minutes * Able to speak, read, and understand English * Ability to participate in cervical and back endurance training programs as part of standard operations Exclusion Criteria: Control Cohort * Known pregnancy * Within the last 3 months, back or neck pain lasting longer than 7 days and/or seeing a health care provider for low back or neck pain and/or on duty/work restriction due to low back or neck pain. * Actively being treated by a medical provider for concussion or traumatic brain injury * Known severe spine curvature or deformity requiring medical treatment (e.g. scoliosis) * Has been diagnosed by a medical provider with severe vertigo, fainting, narcolepsy, or balance disorders with high risk for falling * Any known fractures within the last 3 months that will interfere with the motion assessment * History of spine fracture * Current condition requiring a bracing or immobilization of the spine * History of spine surgery (e.g. fusion, micro-discectomy, or artificial disc replacement) * History of brain or spine cancer * Currently or within the last 90 days, been treated for cancer with chemotherapy or radiation therapy * Known severe bone loss or osteoporosis requiring medical treatment and physician-recommended physical restrictions * Current open wounds on the body where the harnesses will be placed on the neck, head, back, or hips * Current osteomyelitis or spine infection * Any other reason that a treating physician, researcher, or participant determines it is unsafe for a patient to perform test Low Back Pain Cohort * Known pregnancy * Current low back pain is the result of a traumatic injury (wreck, fall, etc.) that occurred within the last 3 months OR is positive for spine instability with imaging * Has spinal fusion across 4 or more lumbar disc levels * Currently being treated by a medical provider for concussion or traumatic brain injury * Known severe spine curvature or deformity requiring medical treatment (e.g. scoliosis) * Has been diagnosed by a medical provider with severe vertigo, fainting, narcolepsy, or balance disorders with high risk for falling * Any known fractures within the last 3 months that will interfere with the motion assessment * Any known spinal instability or spine fractures within the last 6 months * Current condition requiring a bracing or immobilization of the spine * History of brain or spine cancer * Currently or within the last 90 days, been treated for cancer with chemotherapy or radiation therapy * Known severe bone loss or osteoporosis requiring medical treatment and physician-recommended physical restrictions * Current open wounds on the body where the harnesses will be placed on the back or hips * Current spine infection or osteomyelitis * Any other reason that a treating physician, researcher, or participant determines it is unsafe for participant to perform test Neck Pain Cohort * Known pregnancy * Current neck pain is the result of a traumatic injury (wreck, fall, etc.) that occurred within the last 3 months OR is positive for spine instability with imaging * Has spinal fusion across 4 or more cervical disc levels * Has an occipital-cervical fusion * Currently being treated by a medical provider for concussion or traumatic brain injury * Known severe spine curvature or deformity requiring medical treatment (e.g. scoliosis) * Has been diagnosed by a medical provider with severe vertigo, fainting, narcolepsy, or balance disorders with high risk for falling * Any known fractures within the last 3 months that will interfere with the motion assessment * Any known spinal instability or spine fractures within the last 6 months * Current condition requiring a bracing or immobilization of the spine * History of brain or spine cancer * Currently or within the last 90 days, been treated for cancer with chemotherapy or radiation therapy * Known severe bone loss or osteoporosis requiring medical treatment and physician-recommended physical restrictions * Current open wounds on the body where the harnesses will be placed on the neck or head * Current spine infection or osteomyelitis * Any other reason that a treating physician, researcher, or participant determines it is unsafe for participant to perform test Operational Air crew Cohort * Known pregnancy * Current neck and/or low back pain is the result of a traumatic injury (wreck, fall, etc.) that occurred within the last 3 months OR is positive for spine instability with imaging * Has spinal fusion across 4 or more lumbar disc levels * Currently being treated by a medical provider for concussion or traumatic brain injury * Known severe spine curvature or deformity requiring medical treatment (e.g. scoliosis) * Has been diagnosed by a medical provider with severe vertigo, fainting, narcolepsy, or balance disorders with high risk for falling * Any known fractures within the last 3 months that will interfere with the motion assessment * Any known spinal instability or spine fractures within the last 6 months * Current condition requiring a bracing or immobilization of the spine * History of brain or spine cancer * Currently or within the last 90 days, been treated for cancer with chemotherapy or radiation therapy * Known severe bone loss or osteoporosis requiring medical treatment and physician-recommended physical restrictions * Current open wounds on the body where the harnesses will be placed on the back or hips * Current spine infection or osteomyelitis * Any other reason that a treating physician, researcher, or participant determines it is unsafe for participant to perform test