Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * aged≥ 50 years old * lumbar degenerative diseases requiring lumbar fusion with pedicle screw fixation, such as degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis, degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis. * no response to nonoperative treatment of at least 3 months * osteoporosis diagnosed by any method for bone mineral density evaluation, such as DXA, QCTor CT Hounsfield units * requiring lumbar interbody fusion with cages within L3-S1 * the type of fusion cage has been chosen by the patients * informed consent Exclusion Criteria: * the surgical plan includes any unconventional techniques used to strengthen the fixation, such as augmentation of the pedicle screw with bone cement * lumbar spondylolisthesis of ≥II degree * lumbar scoliosis of \>20° or imbalance of spinal alignment * history of lumbar fusion surgery * cervical myelopathy, thoracic spinal stenosis, motor neuron disease,tuberculosis of spine,spinal tumor * vertebral fracture within interbody fusion segement * ASA of ≥IV