Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Presence of moderate to severe bilateral glaucomatous optic neuropathy (GON) from primary open-angle (including normal tension) or angle-closure glaucoma, as determined by an ophthalmologist, with abnormal Glaucoma Hemifield Test on standard Humphrey Field Analyzer 24-2 testing and matching nerve-fiber layer thinning on optical coherence tomography; 2. Stable vision and visual field loss for at least 3 months; 3. With a best-corrected distance acuity of 6/12 or better (equivalent to 0.3 logMAR acuity or better to confirm that participant's central vision is preserved); 4. With a cognitive functional score of 22 or above in the Montreal Cognitive Assessment - Hong Kong version (to confirm participants' intact cognitive function). Exclusion Criteria: 1. Advanced glaucoma with GON of median deviation worse than -25 decibel; 2. Ocular diseases other than glaucoma (e.g., age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and moderate to severe cataract); 3. Severe medical problems (e.g., stroke, Parkinson's disease) or self-reported neurological (e.g. brain surgery, brain tumor and peripheral neuropathy), or cognitive disorders (e.g., diagnosed dementia or cognitive impairment); 4. Physical impairments (e.g. need the use of orthopedic and mobility aids) or physical limitations restricting them from independent walking; 5. Self-reported or medically diagnosed vestibular/ cerebellar dysfunction, history of vertigo, or severe hearing loss; 6. Using any medications for any neurological conditions or psychiatric drugs (e.g. sedative, hypnotic) that might interfere motor control; and 7. Currently attending any intensive physical/balance training.