Inclusion Criteria:
* Elite Controllers: pVL\<50 copies per ml for at least 12 months, treatment naive at the time of inclusion
* Viral controllers: pVL \<2000 copies/ml; CD4\>500/µL for at least two years, treatment naïve at the time of inclusion
* Long-term non-progressors: CD4\>500/µL, pVL \<10000 copies/ml, for at least 7 years, treatment naïve at the time of inclusion
* Post treatment controllers: on cART for at least 12 months; pVL \<500 copies/ml for at least 2 years after treatment cessation .
* PLWH who received bone marrow transplant: people living with HIV who received a bone-marrow transplant for non-HIV related reasons
Exclusion Criteria:
* Current history of opportunistic infection (AIDS defining events as defined in category C of the CDC clinical classification), consisting of chronic HIV-1 infection.
* Evidence of active HBV infection (Hepatitis B surface antigen positive or HBV viral load positive in the past and no evidence of subsequent seroconversion (= HBV antigen or viral load negative and positive HBV surface antibody)).
* Evidence of active HCV infection (HCV antibody positive result within 60 days prior to study entry with positive HCV viral load or, if the HCV antibody result is negative, a positive HCV RNA result within 60 days prior to study entry).
* Current or known history of cardiomyopathy or significant ischemic or cerebrovascular disease.
* Current history of cancer.
* History of HIV-related thrombocytopenia.
* Any condition, including preexisting psychiatric and psychological disorders, which will in the opinion of the investigator interfere with the trial conduct or safety of the participant.
* Abnormal results of standard of care laboratory tests:
1. Confirmed haemoglobin \<11g/dl for women and \<12 g/dl for men
2. Confirmed platelet count \<100 000/µl \*
3. Confirmed neutrophil count \<1000/μl
4. Confirmed AST and/or ALT \>10xULN
* Active drug or alcohol use or dependence that, in the opinion of the site investigator, would interfere with adherence to study requirements.
* Acute or serious illness, in the opinion of the site investigator, requiring systemic treatment and/or hospitalization within 60 days prior to entry.
* The following treatment will be prohibited three months before screening and during the study:
1. immunosuppressive drugs (inclusive corticosteroids) except for drugs used for topical use.
2. Immunomodulatory drugs including but not limited to Granulocyte-colony stimulating factors, Granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor, interleukin 2, 7 \& 15.
