Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Patients with rectal adenocarcinoma must satisfied all the following conditions: 1. Stage II/III LARC (cT1-4aN0-2M0); 2. Tumor distal location≤10 cm from anal verge (MRI diagnosed); * Patients regardless of gender with aged≥18 years * ECOG score of 0 or 1 * Physical and viscera function of patients can withstand major abdominal surgery Exclusion Criteria: * Current or previous active malignancy other than rectal cancer； * Patients underwent major surgery within 4 weeks prior to neoadjuvant therapy； * Patients have any condition affects the absorption of capecitabine through gastrointestinal tract； * Patients have severe uncontrolled recurrent infections, or other severe uncontrolled concomitant diseases; * Patients with severe concomitant diseases with estimated survival≤5 years； * Patients with present or previous moderate or severe liver and kidney damage； * Patients preparing for or previously received organ or bone marrow transplant； * Patients who have received immunosuppressive or systemic hormone therapy within 1 month prior to the start of neoadjuvant therapy； * Patients with congenital or acquired immune deficiency (such as HIV infection)； * Pregnant or lactating women.