Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: 1. patients with AUGIB which is highly suspected to be caused by gastroesophageal variceal rupture; 2. patients with a diagnosis of liver cirrhosis based on imaging and pathology; 3. patients and/or their relatives who sign informed consents; 4. patients' age ≥18 years. Exclusion Criteria: 1. patients who have undergone endoscopy at other hospitals before admissions; 2. patients' hemodynamics are unstable after resuscitation; 3. patients with severe cardiovascular or cerebrovascular diseases or renal injury; 4. patients who have taken anticoagulants or antiplatelet drugs within 2 weeks before admissions, or are diagnosed with severe hematological diseases; 5. patients with human immunodeficiency virus or other acquired or congenital immune deficiency diseases; 6. patients with mental illness; 7. pregnancy.