Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: 1. aged 18-60 years 2. had a confirmed diagnosis of previously untreated de novo acute myeloid leukaemia or high risk myelodysplastic syndrome by bone marrow examination according to the criteria presented by WHO. 3. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0-2. 4. adequate renal and hepatic function (appendix 2 p 45), and left ventricular ejection fraction of at least 45% by echocardiography. Exclusion Criteria: 1. younger than 18 years old, or older than 60 years old. 2. Diagnosed as acute promyelocytic leukaemia. 3. Pretreated with anthracycline. 4. CNS involvement. 5. Positive for HIV, hepatitis B virus, or hepatitis C virus. 6. New York Heart Association cardiovascular disability status higher than grade 2 (grade 2 is defined as cardiac disorder that is asymptomatic at rest, but ordinary physical activity might result in fatigue, palpitations, dyspnoea, or angina), chronic respiratory diseases requiring continuous supplementary oxygen, inability to take oral medication or malabsorption syndrome 7. Uncontrollable systemic infection (viral, bacterial, or fungal), 8. Inability to sign the informed consent form.