Clinical Research Directory

1. Patients with ADHD 1. Inclusion Criteria * Patients, aged 6 to 18 years, meet the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for ADHD. * At baseline, patients have a Clinical Global Impressions-ADHD-Severity (CGI-ADHD-S) score greater than 4. * Patients have a Full IQ (FIQ) score greater than 80. 2. Exclusion Criteria * Patients have a major psychiatric disorder, such as autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, affective disorders, or substance use disorders. * Patients have a major disorder of central nervous system, such as epilepsy. * Patients have a major systemic disease, such as diabetes mellitus or cardiovascular diseases. * Patients have ever received any medication to treat the clinical symptoms of ADHD. 2. Neurotypical participants: 1. Inclusion Criteria * aged 6 to 18 years * All of the neurotypical participants have no psychiatric disorder in lifetime according to the diagnostic criteria of DSM-5. 2. Exclusion Criteria * participants have any disorder of central nervous system or major systemic disease * participants have ever taken any psychotropic drug, or who have FIQ scores less than 80, will be excluded from the present study.