Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Age: over 18 years old, * Gender: male and female. * Patient must be able and willing to follow study procedures and instructions and have capacity to provide informed consent. * Patient must require tooth extraction of a maxillary first premolar or single-rooted anterior tooth as the result of caries, endodontic failure or trauma * The extraction site must have adjacent teeth present. * Adjacent teeth with no evidence of interdental bone loss Exclusion Criteria: * Systemic disease that can interfere with dental implant therapy (e.g. uncontrolled diabetes) * 2 adjacent teeth requiring extraction * Greater than one wall of the socket missing - assessed at time of extraction * Any contraindications for oral surgical procedures * Any known systemic disease affecting bone metabolism (e.g. Cushing's syndrome, Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, diabetes type I and uncontrolled diabetes type II), systemic infections or recent surgical procedures within 30 days of study initiation; * Chronic treatment (i.e., 2 weeks or more) with any medication known to affect oral status (e.g., phenytoin, dihydropyridine, calcium antagonists and cyclosporine) or bone metabolism (e.g. bisphosphonates, hormone replacement therapy, immunosuppressants) within 1 month before baseline visit; * HIV or viral hepatitis; * Physical handicaps that would interfere with the ability to perform adequate oral hygiene; * History of local irradiation therapy in the head-neck region * Mucosal diseases (e.g. erosive lichen planus) * Current untreated periodontitis or gingivitis. In particular probing depths of \>4mm on one of the teeth immediately adjacent to the extraction site * Untreated acute endodontic lesions * Current smokers (have smoked within 3 months of study onset) * Any known systemic disease affecting bone metabolism (e.g. Cushing's syndrome, Crohn's disease, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoporosis, diabetes type I and uncontrolled diabetes type II), systemic infections or recent surgical procedures within 30 days of study initiation; * Self-reported alcoholism or chronic drug abuse; * Patients suffering from a known psychological disorder or with limited mental capacity or language skills such that study information could not be understood, * Non-compliant patients, vulnerable individuals or those unable to understand written or verbal communication and give consent. * Pregnant or breastfeeding patients * Involvement in current research or recent involvement in any research prior to recruitment * Full-mouth bleeding (BOP) and plaque (PI) scores \>30% or sites with periodontal pocket depth \>5 mm at the completion of the pre-treatment phase.