Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Medically cleared to undergo a lumbar spine surgery, either spinal fusion with or without multilevel laminectomies, or lumbar multilevel laminectomies alone. 2. 18-85 years of age 3. English Proficiency 4. Participants must be able to provide informed consent and function at an intellectual level sufficient for study requirements Exclusion Criteria: 1. Current evidence of an uncontrolled and/or clinically significant medical condition 2. History of bleeding disorders or coagulopathy 3. History of seizures or epilepsy 4. History of neurological diseases or traumatic brain injury 5. Use of illegal recreational drugs 6. Presence of devices, e.g. pacemakers, cochlear prosthesis, neuro-stimulators 7. Use of acupuncture within 4 weeks of surgery 8. Grossly abnormal external ear anatomy or active ear infection 9. Women of childbearing potential, not using effective contraception per investigator judgment or not willing to comply with contraception for the duration of the study 10. Females who are pregnant or lactating 11. Any other significant disease or disorder which, in the opinion of the Investigator, may either put the participants at risk because of participation in the trial, or may influence the result of the trial, or the participant's ability to participate in the trial