Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Hospitalized to receive thoracoscopic lobectomy, wedge/partial resection, lobectomy, or sleeve resection. 2. American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physiological status classification I-II (ASA, 2019).ASA Physical Status Class I: A healthy person who is healthy and does not smoke or drink.ASA physical status class II: People with mild chronic diseases but no substantial functional limitations. 3. Those who can walk on their own without any impairment in limb movement. 4. Able to communicate in Chinese or Taiwanese. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Individuals requiring chemotherapy and radiation therapy for malignant tumors. 2. Those who have practiced Tai Chi, Qigong, external elixir exercises, or pulmonary exercises within the past year. 3. Anticipating hospitalization or surgical treatment within the next three months. 4. Individuals with musculoskeletal or peripheral vascular diseases. 5. Individuals with visual impairment, intellectual disabilities, or memory loss.