Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: 1. First-time stroke, occurring between 2 weeks and 2 years after onset, resulting in unilateral hemiplegia. 2. Able to understand and follow simple instructions. 3. Able to maintain a sitting posture balance. 4. Rank on the Brunnstrom Scale is between two and five. 5. Both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes are included. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Not yet fully conscious. 2. Suffering from a psychiatric disorder or post-stroke psychiatric abnormalities. 3. Cognitive or behavioral impairments that affect the ability to comprehend or execute the experimental tasks. 4. Severe aphasia preventing compliance with researchers' instructions for this study. 5. Medical conditions in internal medicine that jeopardize patient safety, such as severe heart or lung diseases, or patients requiring bed rest. 6. Patients with a severe systemic illness requiring bed rest. 7. Patients with shoulder joint pathology unable to undergo exercise therapy. 8. Patients with severe osteoporosis who have concerns about fractures during physical activity. 9. Patients with arrhythmia and implanted cardiac pacemakers. 10. Severe uncontrolled seizures that cannot be improved with medication, physical therapy, botulinum toxin injections, or phenol block procedures.