Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion criteria 1. Inclusion criteria for patients with valvular atrial fibrillation: Moderate or above mitral valve disease; The occurrence of atrial fibrillation was recorded by 12-lead electrocardiogram or 24-hour holter electrocardiogram. 3.18≤ Age ≤75 years old. 2. Inclusion criteria for disease control of valvular atrial fibrillation: No moderate or above mitral valve disease; No history of atrial fibrillation, 24-hour holter electrocardiogram did not record the occurrence of atrial fibrillation. 3.18≤ Age ≤75 years old. 3. Inclusion criteria for carotid atherosclerosis cases: Carotid atherosclerosis was confirmed by ultrasound, CTA and other imaging diagnosis. 2.18≤ Age ≤75 years old. 4. Inclusion criteria for carotid atherosclerosis control: The inclusion criteria for carotid atherosclerosis cases were met. The peripheral tissue of the vascular plaque was discarded in the same patient. 5. Inclusion criteria for moyamoya disease cases: Imaging diagnosis confirmed moyamoya disease; 2.18≤ Age ≤75 years old. 6. Moyamoya disease control inclusion criteria: Imaging diagnosis confirmed no moyamoya disease; 2.18≤ Age ≤75 years old. Exclusion criteria 1. Exclusion criteria for patients with valvular atrial fibrillation: Coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, hyperthyroidism, severe hepatic and renal insufficiency, benign and malignant tumors, etc. Dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, congenital heart disease, heart failure and other non-valvular factors cause atrial fibrillation. 2. Exclusion criteria for control of valvular atrial fibrillation: Coronary heart disease, myocardial infarction, hyperthyroidism, severe hepatic and renal insufficiency, benign and malignant tumors, etc. Dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, congenital heart disease, heart failure, etc. 3. Exclusion criteria for carotid atherosclerosis cases: History of carotid vascular surgery or trauma 4. Exclusion criteria for carotid atherosclerosis control: No plaque margin tissue or marginal tissue injury was found in abandoned vessels in the same patient. 5. Exclusion criteria for moyamoya disease cases: Previous history of cerebrovascular surgery or trauma. 6. Exclusion criteria for moyamoya disease control: Previous history of cerebrovascular surgery or trauma.