Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Diagnosis of a subcortical stroke at least 6 months before the initiation of the trial and confirmed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography 2. Present moderate to severe hemiparesis in an upper limb 3. Language comprehension as well as visual and auditory perception sufficient to engage in Brain Computer Interface training 4. Age from 20 to 80 years old 5. Clear consciousness and stable vital signs 6. Eligible for MRI, EEG, BCI and TMS methods Exclusion Criteria: 1. Drug abuse or recent changes in medications that may alter the central nervous system when the measurements begin or during the measurements (e.g., benzodiazepines, serotoninergic and dopaminergic agents) 2. History of seizure 3. Bone, joint and muscle diseases 4. Peripheral neuropathy or other neurological or psychiatric diseases (including, tinnitus, migraine, or mood disorders with the exception of minimal, mild, and moderate depression, reflected as a Beck depression scale score lower than 29). 5. Strong cognitive deficits (including speech, attention, hearing, vision, sensation or intelligence deficits) reflected as a Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score lower or equal to 24 6. Lesions in the upper extremities 7. Bone, joint and muscle diseases 8. Severe spasticity (higher than 3) or pain in the upper limb and affecting wrist extension 9. Contraindications of undergoing TMS examinations: history of seizures, history of epilepsy, unclear unconsciousness, migraines or metals on the head 10. Contraindications for MRI: metals in the body, metallic prosthetics or claustrophobia 11. Participation in other interventional trials using BCI or rTMS within less than 6 months ago 12. Participation in another interventional clinical trial 13. Suspected lack of compliance 14. Pregnant or nursing women