Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Symptomatic paroxysmal or persistent atrial fibrillation * CHADS2-VASc score≥ 2 * Conform to the diagnosis of HFpEF 1. NYHA II-IV level; 2. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF)≥ 50%; 3. NT-proBNP≥ 300 pg/mL under sinus rhythm or NT-proBNP≥ 600 pg/mL under atrial fibrillation or flutter; 4. Evidence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction/raised left ventricular filling pressure on echocardiogram. * Sign informed consent Exclusion Criteria: * A life expectancy below 2 years due to any non-cardiovascular condition * Reversible atrial fibrillation, such as hyperthyroidism or hypokalemia-related atrial fibrillation * Prior atrial fibrillation ablation * Left atrial size≥ 55 mm * Heart failure due to any of the following: known genetic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, infiltrative cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, constrictive pericarditis, active myocarditis, cardiac tamponade, or uncorrected primary valvular disease * Previous cardiac transplantation, complex congenital heart disease, rheumatic heart disease * Any contraindication for radiofrequency catheter ablation, antiarrhythmic drugs or anticoagulation * Acute coronary syndrome, cardiac surgery, angioplasty or cerebrovascular accident within 12 weeks before enrollment * Severe hepatic and renal dysfunction * Body mass index\> 50 kg/m2 * Female in period of pregnancy or breast-feeding * Any conditions that, in the opinion of the investigator, may render the patient unable to complete the study * Involved in other studies The inclusion and exclusion criteria would be reassessed after run-in period and the cut-off of NT-proBNP would be set as \>125 pg/ml under sinus rhythm or \>365 pg/ml under AF/atrial flutter (AFL).