Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Symptomatic carious exposed mandibular first or second molars. * Alcoholic patients: Patient with low-moderate drinking levels according to the US National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism * Control patients: No history of alcohol consumption * Positive and prolonged response to thermal sensitivity tests and electric pulp test. * Vital coronal pulp on access cavity preparation. * American Society of Anesthesiologists class I or II medical history. * Ability to understand the use of pain scales. Exclusion Criteria: * Active pain in more than 1 teeth * Teeth with fused roots. * Radiographic evidence of an extra root. * Large restorations with overhanging margins. * Full crowns or deep periodontal pockets. * Hypertension or cardiovascular diseases, compromised immunity, active infection or inflammation * Known allergy or contraindications to any content of the local anesthetic solution or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) * History of known or suspected drug abuse. * Taking any drugs which could affect the pain perception, e.g, opioids, antidepressants, anticonvulsants, muscle relaxants, anxiolytics, sedatives, nsaids. 23 * Pregnant or breastfeeding patients. * Patients with asthma, gastric ulcers, bleeding disorders.