Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Participants ≥ 18 years of age. * Participants with Drug Resistance Epilepsy as defined by the ILAE5. * Participants undergoing bilateral implantation of DBS leads into the anterior nucleus of the thalamus. * Adequate organ function as assessed by the following laboratory values within 3 weeks prior to admission to the study: * Serum creatinine and urea \< 2 times the upper limit of normal; * ALT, AST and alkaline phosphatase \< 3 times the upper limit of normal, and bilirubin \< 2.5 mg/dL; * Prothrombin time ≤ 1.5 times upper limit of normal; * INR and PTT ≤ 1.5 times the upper limit of normal; * Hemoglobin ≥ 9 g/dL; * Platelets ≥ 100 x 10\^9/L; * Absolute Neutrophil Count (ANC) ≥ 1.5 x 10\^9/L. * Patient or legal guardian is able to fully understand and provide written and verbal consent for the protocol. * Patient is a candidate for ANT DBS based on the following criteria established by the American Society for Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgeons: * Confirmed diagnosis of epilepsy by an epileptologist with focal-onset seizures, with or without generalization; * Failure to adequately control seizures after two (or more) appropriate and adequately-dosed anti-seizure medications; * Either partial-onset seizures with a localized onset in a region not amenable to resection or following failed resective surgery or focal-onset seizures with distributed or unclear onset zone. Exclusion Criteria: * Patients who have undergone a prior intracranial procedure for epilepsy. * Patients with an intracranial tumor. * Confirmed pregnancy. * History of cancer not in remission for at least 5 years. * History of diabetes, chronic renal failure, or other significant underlying medical or ----immunosuppressive conditions. * History of drug or alcohol abuse. * Subjects allergic to any component of the investigational product. * Subjects \> 75 years of age. * Cognitively impaired adults.