Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Age between 18 and 75 years 2. Body mass index \<35 kg/m2 3. Bladder tumour located \<3 cm in size; clinically non-muscle invasive bladder tumour 4. Clinically indicated for en-bloc resection. 5. Willingness to participate as demonstrated by giving informed consent Exclusion Criteria: 1. Presence of endoscopic or imaging signs of detrusor muscle invasion 2. Contraindication to general anaesthesia / spinal anaesthesia 3. ASA \> 2 patients 4. Severe concomitant illness that drastically shortens life expectancy or increases risk of therapeutic intervention 5. Untreated active infection 6. Un-corrected coagulopathy 7. Presence of another malignancy or distant metastasis 8. Emergency surgery 9. Vulnerable population (e.g. mentally disabled, pregnant)