Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Age between 18 and 75 years, regardless of gender. * Patients who require endoscopic surgical treatment and have indications for lung segment/lobe resection; for pre-trial subjects, there is no restriction on the type of procedure, and inclusion is based on the investigator's judgment of having indications for thoracic surgery. * Preoperative ASA classification of I-III. * Voluntary participation in the clinical trial and willingness to provide informed. consent, either by the subject or their guardian. * Willingness to cooperate and complete trial follow-up and related examinations. Exclusion Criteria: * Patients with a history of thoracic surgery or previous history of other malignant tumors deemed unsuitable for inclusion by the investigator. * Patients with severe comorbidities (cardiac, pulmonary, hepatic, cerebral, renal diseases) or physical weakness who cannot tolerate general anesthesia or surgery. * Patients with severe bleeding tendencies or coagulation disorders. * Patients in the active phase of infectious diseases or with other severe non-communicable infections. * Patients positive for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) antibodies or syphilis seropositive patients. * Patients with a suspected or confirmed alcohol, drug, or substance addiction. * Patients with a history of epilepsy, mental illness, or cognitive impairment. * Women who are pregnant, breastfeeding, or planning to become pregnant during the trial period. * Participation in other interventional clinical trials within 3 months prior to signing the informed consent form. * Other situations in which the investigator deems inappropriate for participation in this clinical trial.