Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Age ≥18 years 2. At least one symptom of heart failure upon admission:Dyspnea at rest or with exertion, orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea or exertional fatigue. 3. At least two of the signs of heart failure (HF): Distended jugular veins, enlarged cardiac silhouette, apex beat displacement, third heart sound, or increased jugular venous pressure/central venous pressure/pulmonary capillary wedge pressure. Pulmonary edema or pulmonary congestion (rales or chest X-ray/CT evidence of pulmonary congestion). Peripheral edema. Elevated B-type natriuretic peptide (\>100 pg/ml) or elevated N-Terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide (\>300 pg/ml). Willingness to provide informed consent and cooperate with the follow-up Exclusion Criteria: 1. Unable to understand and comply with protocol or to give informed consent 2. End-stage diseases other than heart failure, life expectancy \<1 year, such as malignant tumors 3. Current or planned participation in a clinical trial.