Clinical Research Directory

Ultrasound probe will be placed in a transverse orientation above the iliac crest; and the external oblique, internal oblique (IO), and transversus abdominis TA muscles will be identified and traced posteriorly until first the TA muscle and then the IO muscle tapered into their common aponeurosis, adjacent to the quadratus lumborum muscle. The tip of a 22-gauge 80-mm block needle will be positioned just deep to the TA muscle and its aponeurosis at the point where the TA is tapered off. 0.4 ml/kg bupivacaine 0.25% will be injected into the plane between the TA and underlying transversalis fascia

the probe will be placed transversely in the mid-axillary line between the iliac crest and the costal margin at the level of the umbilicus. The external oblique, internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles and their fascias will be visualized. A 22 gauge, 80 mm needle will be introduced anteriorly and in the plane of the ultrasound probe, and on entering the plane between IO and TA, 2 ml of 0.9% saline will be injected to verify the correct position of the needle. Following negative aspiration, 0.4 ml/kg of bupivacaine 0.25% will be injected.

patients will receive an induction dose at 1 mcg/kg. If the analgesia was inadequate in the form of increase in heart rate and or arterial blood pressure by more than 20% of baseline values during surgery, this warrants the administration of intravenous fentanyl (0.5µg/kg).

Pethidine IV will be given as rescue analgesia (0.5 mg/kg) if the FLACC pain score was more than 4 , the maximum allowed dose is 1mg/kg every 4 hours.

patients will be given paracetamol (15 mg /kg/8 hrs ).