Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * All patients with end-stage renal disease who had their BBAVFs created either by the one-stage or two- stage technique. * Patients with brachial artery diameter more than 3 . mm by duplex ultrasound (DUS). * Patients with triphasic brachial artery by DUS. * Patients with basilic vein diameter more than 3 mm by DUS. * Patients who were able to give informed consent. * Requirements for intervention agreement between the patient and the surgeon. * Availability of patients for all follow-up visits. Exclusion Criteria: * Patients who already had a suitable cephalic vein for arteriovenous fistula creation. * Patients whose brachial artery diameter was less than 3 mm by DUS. * Patients with brachial artery disease proved by DUS. * Patients whose basilic vein diameter was less than mm by DUS. * Patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. * Patients with central venous stenosis or occlusion evidenced by duplex scanning. * Patients with flexion deformity or skin lesions at the site of the fistula or over the course of the vein.