Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * \[1\]confirmation of benign nodule status on two separate fine- needle aspiration (FNA) or core-needle biopsy (CNB) \[2\]no suspicious malignant features on ultrasound examination \[3\]report of cosmetic and/ or symptomatic problems or concern of nodules growing rapidly or malignant transformation \[4\]refusal or ineligibility for surgery \[5\]follow-up time ≥6months Exclusion Criteria: 1. follicular neoplasm or malignancy findings on biopsy 2. nodules with benign result on biopsy had suspicious of malignancy in US, including marked hypoechoic, ill-defined margins, taller-than-wide shape or microcalcifications 3. patients with cystic nodules 4. patients with contra-lateral vocal cord par- alysis 5. previous radiation to the head and neck 6. ; follow- up time less than 6 months