Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Age between 12 and 75 (provided that rigorous prior studies have been done to suggest appropriate dosing for ages 12 and above); * Patients or the assents are able to provide informed consent; * Ability to keep accurate seizure diaries; * Complete presurgical evaluation information; * Meets the 2009 ILAE definition of DRE (Failure of adequate trials of two tolerated and appropriately chosen and used AED schedules (whether as monotherapy or in combination) to achieve sustained seizure freedom) ; Exclusion Criteria: * Subjects with significant progressive disorders or unstable medical conditions requiring acute intervention; * Clinically relevant abnormalities in bloodwork detected (e.g., rising or new onset 3X liver function tests \[LFTs\]); * Active suicidal plan/intent in the past 6 months, or a history of suicide attempt in the last 2 years, or more than 1 lifetime suicide attempt; * A psychiatric disorder where changes in pharmacotherapy are needed or anticipated during the study; * Diagnosed with intracranial space-occupying lesions or dual pathology by neuroimaging inspection; * Women who are pregnant, planning to become pregnant during the study period, or currently breastfeeding may be excluded due to the potential risks associated with surgery and anesthesia; * Patients with a history of previous brain surgery, including prior epilepsy surgery, that may interfere with the study objectives or confound the interpretation of results may be excluded; * Any condition that may impact a patient's ability to follow study procedures or patient's safety, based on what is known about the pharmacology/toxicology profile of the trial agent(s);