Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * All patients older than 18 years of age * Patients with HFrEF that underwent BVP-CRT * Experienced CS lead failure, whether initial or recurrent, subsequently replaced with transthoracic epicardial lead placement or CSP * Underwent Medtronic, Boston Scientific, or Abbott lead placement Exclusion Criteria: * Patients younger than 18 years of age * Transthoracic epicardial lead placement or CSP performed as the initial approach or for other reasons than lead replacement * Those for which CRT no longer provides symptom relief or mortality benefit.