Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Nicotine Dependence as measured by: Smoke ≥ 8 cigarettes/day for ≥ 2 yrs, expired carbon monoxide (CO) concentration of ≥ 10 ppm, positive urine cotinine test and FTND score ≥ 3 Or ≥ 15 uses of electronic cigarette/day for ≥ 1 year, positive urine cotinine test, and PS-ECDI score ≥ 3 2. English Fluency 3. Functional Vision (with corrective lenses as needed) Exclusion Criteria: 1. Use of psychotropic and antiepileptic medications in the last month 2. Presence of an untreated illness or serious medical condition 3. History of major neurological illness 4. Contraindication to TMS (history of neurological disorder or seizure, increased intracranial pressure, brain surgery, or head trauma with loss of consciousness for \>15 min., implanted electronic device, metal in the head) or MRI. 5. Any use of substances that lower seizure threshold. 6. Current or past psychosis 7. Electroconvulsive therapy in the past 6 months 8. Unstable cardiac disease or hypertension, severe renal or liver insufficiency, or sleep apnea 9. BAC greater than 0.0. 10. Positive urine pregnancy test 11. Any other concern that in the investigator's opinion would impact participant safety, study instruction compliance, or confound the interpretation of the study results.