Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * • - Egyptian children aged 6-12 years. * \- Diagnosed with short stature (height-for-age \< -2 SD based on WHO standards). * \- Diagnosed and confirmed by a pediatric endocrinologist. Controls: * \- Age- and sex-matched children with normal height (height-for-age between -1 and +1 SD). * \- Recruited from the same geographic and socioeconomic backgrounds. Exclusion Criteria: * 1- Presence of syndromic conditions (e.g., Turner syndrome, Down syndrome). * 2- Chronic diseases (e.g., renal, cardiac, or endocrine conditions other than idiopathic short stature). * 3- Long-term medication use known to affect growth or oral development.