Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Patients with late-stage rectal cancer (stages IIIB to IV), including those with postoperative recurrence re-staging or those intending to receive neoadjuvant treatment, 2. Pathological type is adenocarcinoma, 3. Have measurable lesions before radiotherapy or chemotherapy, 4. Age between 18 and 75 years, 5. A WHO Performance Status (PS) score of 0 to 2, capable of tolerating radiotherapy or chemotherapy, 6. An expected survival period of 6 months or more; 7. Able to understand the study and sign the informed consent form. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Patients with severe complications or other malignant diseases. 2. Known severe allergic reactions to components of radiotherapy or chemotherapy. 3. Significant cardiac, hepatic, renal, or other vital organ dysfunction. 4. Pregnant or breastfeeding women. 5. Patients unable to comply with study requirements or affected by psychiatric or psychological diseases. 6. Participation in other clinical trials recently that could affect the assessment of this study's results.