Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Adults (≥18 years) requiring invasive mechanical ventilation 2. Patiens had spontaneous breathing; 3. Agreed to participate in the trial and signed an informed consent Exclusion Criteria: 1. Patients with contraindications to esophageal catheter insertion and inability to monitor esophageal pressure; 2. pregnant women; 3. patients with severe central nervous system damage or neuromuscular related diseases; 4. Participating in other clinical research projects; 5. Patients deemed unsuitable by the investigator