Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: Patients diagnosed as SLE according to SLICC 2012 or ACE/EULAR 2017 classification criteria with 1. ≥18 years of age. 2. Complete clinical and laboratory investigations. 3. No concomitant infection, systemic or other autoimmune diseases. Exclusion Criteria: Patients were excluded from the study if they had any of the following: 1. \<18 years of age, 2. Incomplete clinical data and laboratory indicators. 3. End-stage kidney disease (defned as requiring dialysis, kidney transplantation, or estimated glomerular fltration rate (eGFR)\<15 mL/min/1.73 m2 4. Patients with: 1. Acute infectious diseases, HIV infection carriers, 2. Concomitant systemic diseases such as chronic obstructive lung disease, coronary artery disease, cancer, thyroid function disorder, hematological disorders, acute or chronic liver and renal diseases. 3. Patients with had other autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, systemic sclerosis, or primary Sjogren's syndrome.