Clinical Research Directory

For the external oblique intercostal plane block, patients were positioned supine. After skin disinfection and sterile preparation, a high-frequency linear ultrasound probe was used. The probe was placed in a longitudinal parasagittal orientation at the level of the ninth rib between the midclavicular and anterior axillary lines. A 21-gauge, 10-cm needle was advanced using an in-plane technique at a shallow angle until the fascial plane deep to the external oblique muscle above the ninth rib was reached. After negative aspiration, 20 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine was injected slowly on each side

For the subcostal transversus abdominis plane block, patients were positioned supine with adequate exposure of the abdominal wall. After sterile preparation, a high-frequency linear ultrasound probe was placed below the costal margin near the midclavicular line. A 21-gauge, 10-cm needle was advanced under ultrasound guidance until the transversus abdominis plane was reached (between the rectus abdominus and transversus abdominus muscle. After negative aspiration to exclude intravascular or intraperitoneal placement, 20 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine was injected slowly on each side