Clinical Research Directory

Fracture Group: Inclusion Criteria: 1. 18-85 years old 2. an isolated rotational ankle (AO/OTA 44 types A-C) fracture that is treated operatively 3. Abbreviated Injury Scale \< 3 for non-extremity body systems 4. can speak, read, and understand English Exclusion Criteria: 1. treated for a chronic pain condition prior to their qualifying injury 2. on a pain contract 3. pathologic fracture 4. Daily use of gabapentin or opiods prior to enrollment Control Group: Inclusion Criteria: 1. 18-85 years of age 2. can speak, read, and understand English Exclusion Criteria: 1. Chronic pain or an ongoing acute pain condition 2. Currently or have previously sustained a bone fracture 3. Current Pain medication usage 4. Any previous orthopaedic surgical procedures 5. Must have been free of any surgeries for at least 5 years 6. Peripheral neuropathy 7. Individuals having had a major surgery or a major disease or condition, as determined by the PI, such as cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders, renal disease, neurological disorders, or severe psychiatric conditions.