Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Male * Chinese ethnicity * Age between 21 to 45 years * Body Mass Index (BMI) between 18.5 to 27.5 kg/m2 * English-literate Exclusion criteria: * Smoking * Having allergies or intolerances to any common food ingredients including eggs, fish, milk, peanuts, and tree nuts, shellfish, soya, wheat, pea, gluten, cereal, fruits, dairy products, meat, vegetable, sugar and sweetener, natural food colourings or flavourings, etc. * Following special diets or having intentional dietary restrictions (e.g., vegetarians/vegans) * Having a dislike towards plant-based or chicken-based foods * Not willing to adhere to diet modification as in the study's instructions * Not willing to stop any strenuous activity during or within 24 hours of test days * Having glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD deficiency) * Having alcohol consumption on \> 4 days per week with ≥ 6 alcoholic drinks per week * Having sustained elevation of blood pressure (\>160/95 mm Hg) * HbA1c reading ≥ 6.5% (raised non-fasted/random HbA1c as defined by WHO/ IDF) * Having previously undergone any gastrointestinal surgery or having history of gastrointestinal disorders * Having a history of heart, liver, kidney, blood disorders (e.g., thalassemia) or thyroid dysfunctions * Diabetic * Having history of tuberculosis, HIV, Hepatitis B or Hepatitis C infections * Having any prescription medication or any other alternative medicines or supplements (amino acids supplements, e.g. L-carnitine, glutamine and arginine) which may interfere with study measurements in the opinion of the study investigators * Having antibiotics or suffering from diarrhoea within the last 4 weeks * Having donated blood within 4 weeks of study participation * Having poor veins or having history of severe vasovagal syncope (blackouts or fainting) from blood draws * Employees of the SIFBI (Singapore Institute of Food and Biotechnology Innovation).