Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * The current study will include children who meet the following clinical and radiographic criteria: 3.1a.Clinical: 1. 5-7-year old children categorized as class I or II according to American Society of Anaesthesiologists (ASA) scale. 2. Children rated as no.3 or 4 in Frankel behavior rating scale (FBRS). 3. Presence of at least one primary molar with deep carious lesion. 4. Asymptomatic necrotic molars confirmed by the absence of bleeding on opening of the pulp chamber. 3.1b. Radiographic: 1. Extensive caries approaching to the pulp. 2. Presence of at least two-thirds of root length. Exclusion Criteria: * A child's tooth with any of the following criteria: 3.2a. Clinical findings: 1. History of spontaneous unprovoked toothache. 2. Extensive crown destruction that preclude coronal restoration. 3. Presence of adjacent or opposing tooth with deep carious lesion "in the same side". 4. History of administering analgesics 12 hours before tooth obturation. 3.2b. Radiographic findings: 1. Presence of a large furcation or periapical radiolucency approximating the succedaneous tooth. 2. Presence of pathological internal/external root resorption. 3. Absence of underlying permanent successor.