Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: \- Inclusion Criteria: 1. Patients presenting with clinical manifestations of caries as their chief complaint; 2. Age ≥18 and ≤70 years, irrespective of gender; 3. Oral panoramic radiographs showing a complete dentition, specifically with the second molars and all premolars intact in each quadrant; 4. On the oral panoramic radiographs, the number of teeth with restorations or fillings does not exceed one in any quadrant; 5. Oral panoramic radiographs that are clear, easy to interpret, and free from significant artifacts; 6. Participants who voluntarily agree to partake, can comprehend the purpose of the study, and are capable of signing an informed consent form. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Oral panoramic radiographs that are unclear, with overlapping, blurring, or artifacts present; 2. Insufficient number of teeth available for study; 3. Severe tooth wear or erosion leading to significant alteration in tooth morphology; 4. Presence of supernumerary teeth, microdontia, or missing teeth; 5. Conditions not suitable for oral radiography, such as pregnancy or undergoing radiation therapy for tumors; 6. Limited mouth opening that precludes clinical examination; 7. Neurological disorders, psychiatric illnesses, or psychological impairments; 8. Participation in another clinical trial within the last three months; 9. Any other condition deemed by the researchers as unsuitable for inclusion in the study.