Clinical Research Directory

INCLUSION CRITERIA: * CARIES-free, undamaged mature maxillary and mandibular premolars that were planned for extraction for orthodontic reasons. * Teeth that show no reaction to percussion. * Teeth with no previous restorations. * Teeth that show vitality, when checked with an electric pulp tester. * Teeth that show no signs of caries or periapical pathology when examined * radiographically. * Fully erupted teeth, that allowed proper application of rubber dam. EXCLUSION CRITERIA: * caries are present * Teeth with signs and symptoms of irreversible pulpitis, such as nighttime severe pain * or spontaneous pain. * Teeth that show sensitivity to hot and/or cold. * Radiographic examination reveals any signs of caries, periapical pathology, * internal/external root resorption, furcal radiolucency/ inter-radicular bone destruction * and/or calcifications in the pulp chamber or canals. * Medically compromised patient. * Pregnant patient.