Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * fully dentulous people over 25 who complained of the mobility of 4 mandibular incisor teeth, or partially dentulous people who missed 2 mandibular central incisor teeth and had periodontally affected the neighboring lateral incisor teeth. * These individuals were subsequently treated with 2 implants supporting FPDs and following a delayed, progressive, or immediate loading protocol * Class 0 or 1 bone defects after tooth extraction, were only included in the study * The medical records included data regarding implant type, width, and length, surgical procedure, annual hygienist treatments, radiographs, and implant insertion date Exclusion Criteria: * had less than 1 years of follow-up, had incomplete restorative or surgical data, had non-diagnostic radiographs, had more or less than 4 unit fixed partial denture * patients did not present for annual follow-up visits to evaluate oral hygiene measures or treat mechanical or technical complications. * Individuals with bone defects class 2, 3, 4, or 5 after mandibular lateral incisor tooth extraction were also excluded.