Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * The patients fulfilled the criteria for COPD: the presence of a post bronchodilator FEV1 \< 80% predicated together with an FEV1/FVC \<0.70confirm the presence of airflow limitation that is not fully reversible. * COPD patients ranging from mild to severe according to GOLD \[stages I-IV\]. * Asthmatic patients receive medical treatment for at least 6 months; and clinically stable (i.e., no exacerbation or changes in medication for ≥30 days). * None of the individuals had been engaged in any exercise-training program before participating in the study. * Optimized medical therapy according to GOLD \& Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) * Clinically stable COPD and asthmatic patients (not suffering from a recent respiratory tract infection). * All patients are Ex-smoker Exclusion Criteria: * Age \<18 years. * Pregnancy * Current Smokers * Patients that are incapable of exercising; unable to understand any questionnaire * Multiple co- morbidity (e.g., cardiovascular diseases, active cancer) * Neuromuscular disease as Myasthenia gravis, kypho-scoliosis * Diaphragmatic Paralysis (paralyzed diaphragm exhibiting abnormal paradoxical movement, i.e., moving in a cranial direction during inspiration).