Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: ·≥18 years old, no gender limits, diagnosed as high-risk UTUC without existing distant metastasis or other malignancies; * Completed pathological biopsy with a clear pathological diagnosis : including puncture biopsy, ureteroscopy and urine cytology, at least one of which is clearly diagnosed as uroepithelial carcinoma, which may include no more than 50% or more proportion of squamous, adenoid, sarcomatoid differentiation and other special differentiation types; * Have the willingness to undergo radical surgical treatment and perioperative adjuvant treatment, have good compliance, and be able to co-operate with the treatment and follow-up plan specified by the clinician; * Postoperative life expectancy of at least 6 months; ECOG score ≤ 2. Exclusion Criteria: * Distant metastases or other malignant neoplastic diseases combined with other malignant neoplasms in the same period had been detected at the time of surgery, or the present was a progression after palliative resection of previous epithelial carcinoma of the urothelium; * History of pelvic and abdominal radiotherapy; history of inflammatory bowel disease; history of systemic chemotherapy; * Pregnant women or breastfeeding women; or women of childbearing potential who are not using reliable contraception; * The presence of active infections in those with pre-existing or coexisting haemorrhagic disorders * clinically significant cardiac disease (e.g., hypertension controlled with medications, unstable angina, New York Heart Association (NYHA) class ≥II congestive heart failure, unstable symptomatic arrhythmias, or class ≥II peripheral vascular disease); * Psychological, familial, and social factors leading to lack of informed consent.