Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: * Hospitalized for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and have undergone percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery. * Aged 18 years or older. * Regular adherence to prescribed medication regimen. * Stable medical condition and vital signs. * Conscious and able to follow instructions. * Able to provide informed consent. Exclusion Criteria: * Unable to comply with rehabilitation or assessment procedures. * Inability to walk independently. * Dependent in daily living activities prior to hospitalization (Barthel Index score less than 80). * Terminal illness with an expected life span of less than one year. Contraindications to cardiac rehabilitation as per the American College of Sports Medicine guidelines, such as unstable angina, uncontrolled severe hypertension (resting systolic blood pressure \>180 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure \>110 mmHg), postural hypotension (blood pressure drop of more than 20 mmHg upon standing), severe aortic stenosis, uncontrolled severe arrhythmias, decompensated heart failure, third-degree atrioventricular block, acute pericarditis or myocarditis, aortic dissection, acute pulmonary embolism, and other acute medical conditions like infections and fever.