Inclusion Criteria:
* Aged between 18 and 80 years
* Patients who underwent successful surgical bioprosthetic valve replacement or repair to either the mitral, aortic position or both
* Signed informed consent
Exclusion Criteria:
* Aged below 18 or over 80 years
* Mechanical heart valves (MHV)
* Bioprosthetic valve transcatheter valve replacement (TAVR)
* Hemorrhage risk-related criteria
1. Active internal bleeding
2. Major surgical procedure or trauma within 30 days before the randomization visit
3. History of intracranial, intraocular, spinal, gastrointestinal, or atraumatic intra-articular bleeding
4. Chronic hemorrhagic disorder
5. Planned invasive procedure with potential for uncontrolled bleeding, including major surgery
* Concomitant conditions and therapies
1. Clinically overt stroke within the past 3 months
2. Major surgery within 1 month
3. Acute coronary syndrome within 1 month
4. Active infective endocarditis
5. Severe hepatic impairment、hepatic disease associated with coagulopathy or Moderate and severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class B or C)
6. Uncontrolled severe hypertension
7. Active malignancy
* Medication-related
1. Hypersensitivity or contraindications to Rivaroxaban, VKA, heparin.
2. Concomitant treatment with strong inhibitors of both CYP3A4 and P-gp (e.g., azole antifungals, such as ketoconazole and itraconazole, or HIV protease inhibitors, such as ritonavir)
3. Concomitant treatment with strong inducers of CYP3A4 (e.g., carbamazepine, phenytoin, rifampin, etc.)
* HAS-BLED score\>3
* Others
1. Abnormal local laboratory results, such as Platelet count \< 50 x109/L、Hemoglobin \< 8 g/dL (5 mmol/L)
2. Female subjects of childbearing potential without using adequate contraception、
3. Female pregnant or breast-feeding
4. Participation is not likely to comply with the study procedures or will complete follow-up
5. Participation in another clinical trial that potentially interferes with the current study
6. Life expectancy less than 6 months beyond the targeted last visit
