Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: 1. ≥18 years old; 2. patients diagnosed with unilateral proximal ureteral stones ≤2cm by computed tomography (CT)/Kidney and upper bladder (KUB) radiography who required surgery; 3. patients who volunteered to participate in this study. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Unable to give informed consent; 2. Untreated urinary tract infection; 3. Pregnant women; 4. Known anatomical abnormalities (such as urinary diversion or ureteral stenosis); 5. Urothelial tumors, transplanted kidney stones, irreversible coagulopathy; 6. The semi-rigid ureteroscope cannot reach the stone site, ureteroscopy-negative stones, and stones can be removed directly without laser lithotripsy; 7. The researchers believe that they are not suitable for participation in this study.