Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Age ≥ 18 years; 2. VHD diagnosed by echocardiography; 3. Received HVR treatment; 4. able to communicate normally. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Those with a conscious disorder or mental illness; 2. Those with severe organic diseases or comorbidities; 3. Those with cardiac function class IV; 4. Those who could not complete the questionnaire correctly independently or under the guidance of the researcher.