Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Patients age is 18-80 years; 2. Patients with non-paroxysmal AF; non-paroxysmal AF will be defined as a sustained episode lasting \> 7 days; 3. Patients can sign the written informed consent for the study; 4. Patients can endure the required follow-up. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Patients who had previously undergone atrial fibrillation, atrial tachycardia, or atypical atrial flutter ablation 2. Preoperative combined atrial tachycardia (≥30S) and atypical atrial flutter 3. Left atrial diameter \>55mm 4. Left ventricular ejection fraction \<35% 5. Left atrial thrombus 6. Postoperative cardiac surgery 7. After valve replacement 8. After permanent pacemaker implantation 9. hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 10. Patients with moderate-to-severe aortic valve disease, moderate-to-severe mitral stenosis, and severe other valvular disease 11. Hemorrhagic stroke within 6 months 12. Transient ischemic attack or ischemic stroke within 1 month 13. Mental disorder or history of mental illness and inability to cooperate voluntarily 14. Breastfeeding, pregnancy and women planning or likely to become pregnant 15. Life expectancy \<12 months 16. Participating in other interventional clinical trials 17. The researchers judged that it was not suitable for inclusion in this study