Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Patients who have been on hemodialysis for at least 6 months. 2. Patients aged between 18 and 75 years 3. Patients without overt hyper/hypothyroidism or thyroid hormone supplementation (for examining endogenous thyroid function). Exclusion Criteria: \- 4. Patients with a history of thyroid disease or thyroid surgery. 5. Patients currently on medications known to affect thyroid function (e.g., amiodarone, lithium). 6\. Pregnant or breastfeeding women. 7. Patients with other serious illnesses (e.g., cancer, severe heart disease) that could affect thyroid function or the ability to participate in the study 8. Patients receiving thyroid hormone supplementation