Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Males and females between the ages 40 - 85 with a diagnosis of idiopathic Parkinson's Disease (PD) consistent with the United Kingdom PD society brain bank criteria, 2. in Hoehn and Yahr stage 2-4, 3. a score of ≥23 on the mini-Mental Scale Examination. Exclusion Criteria: 1. History of cardiovascular disease, uncontrolled hypertension (blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg), orthostatic hypotension, deep-vein thrombosis, varicose veins, or rhabdomyolysis; 2. Ankle branchial index ≤ 0.9 or \> 1.3. 3. History of other neurological disorders affecting the central nervous system such as stroke, multiple sclerosis, tumors, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or muscle disease such as muscular dystrophy, myopathy. 4. History of uncontrolled diabetes, severe osteoporosis, or cognitive impairment. 5. Body mass index above 40; such individuals are more likely to have poorer muscle function and more pain. 6. Absolute contraindications to exercise as per the American College of Sports Medicine (uncontrolled arrhythmias, third-degree heart block, recent electrocardiogram (EKG) changes, unstable angina, acute myocardial infarction, or acute congestive heart failure 7. Had surgery in the lower extremities within the past 6 months. 8. Pre-menopausal and not on birth control 9. Pregnant or planning to become pregnant within the course of the study 10. Plan to have major surgery within 2 months.