Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Age from 18 to 80 years old; 2. Patients with blood pressure\<160/100mmHg, 5.6\<blood glucose\<11.2mmol/L, major organs function normally: (1) Goldman index between grade 1 and 2; (2) Predicted forced expiratory volume in 1s (FEV1) \>= 40 % and diffusing capacity of the lung for carbon monoxide (DLCO) \>= 40 %; (3) total bilirubin \<= 1.5 upper limit of normal; (4) Alanine aminotransferase (ALT)/Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) \<= 2.5 upper limit of normal; (5) creatinine \<= 1.25 upper limit of normal and creatinine clearance rate (CCr) \>= 60ml/min; 3. The first clinical diagnosis before surgery was non-small cell lung cancer, including adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, large cell carcinoma, and other unknown types; 4. Clinical stage T1-2N0-1 (cI-II): Maximum diameter of tumor \<= 5cm and short diameter of mediastinal lymph node \<= 1cm in thin layer CT; 5. Performance status of Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) 0-1; 6. All relevant examinations were completed within 28 days before the operation; 7. Patients who understand this study and have signed an approved Informed Consent. Exclusion Criteria: 1. Patients with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, targeted therapy, or immunotherapy before surgery. 2. Patients with the previous history of other malignancies; 3. Patients with secondary primary cancer when enrolled; 4. Patients diagnosed as pure ground glass opacity (GGO) before surgery; 5. Patients diagnosed as mixed GGO whose solid part \<= 50% and Maximum diameter of tumor \<= 2cm; 6. Patients with small cell lung cancer; 7. Patients with prior unilateral open thoracic surgical procedures; 8. Woman who is pregnant or breastfeeding; 9. Patients with interstitial pneumonia, pulmonary fibrosis, or severe emphysema; 10. Patients with an active bacterial or fungal infection that is difficult to control; 11. Patients with serious psychosis; 12. Patients with a history of severe heart attack, heart failure, myocardial infarction, or angina within the last 6 months.