Clinical Research Directory

Inclusion Criteria: 1. Aged ≥18 years old; 2. Meet the 2010 International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) diagnostic criteria for drug-resistant epilepsy; 3. Duration of epilepsy ≥2 years, with an average seizure frequency of ≥2 times per month in the 3 months prior to enrollment; 4. Adequate intake of two or more anti-epileptic drugs, with no intervention in the treatment plan during the trial period; 5. Capable of cooperating to complete treatment and related examination items; The patient and family fully understand and voluntarily sign the informed consent form. Exclusion Criteria: 1. In a state of continuous epileptic seizures; 2. Complicated with severe infections, cerebrovascular diseases, malignant tumors, and other diseases, accompanied by severe dysfunction of the heart, liver, kidney, or other organs, or with mental disorders, or with uncorrectable hyperglycemia, or 3.patients on long-term use of corticosteroid medications; 4.Pregnant or lactating women; 5.Contraindications for PET, MR, EEG examinations; 6.Patients with examinations (with ferromagnetic metal implants in the body; high fever); 7.Participating in other clinical trials at the same time; 8.The patient or family withdraws the informed consent form.